The SCAM™ Model

The Bernatz  SCAM™  model identifies the same four elements of Undue Influence (www.courts.ca.gov/documents.UndueInfluence.pdf) as found in California's new probate code (PC § 86) enacted in 2014.

The SCAM™ model (2006) is an acronym for Susceptibility, Confidential Relationship, Active Procurement using Actions and Tactics, and Monetary Loss.

The model has been detailed in the chapter on Undue Influence, co-written by Dr. Bernatz, and found in the "Assessment of Older Adults with Diminished Capacity: A Handbook for Psychologists" published by the American Bar Association / American Psychological Association.
2008 SCAM™ Model pdf.  

The model is used by attorneys, bench offiers, law enforcement and the health community, and answers the questions regarding how free, informed and capable the signer was at the point of signing the designated document or financial transaction in cases of potential undue influence.